Association of Host Factors With Antibody Response to Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patients


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Date

2022-04-15

Publication Type

Journal Article

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yes

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Abstract

Background Influenza vaccination efficacy is reduced after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and patient factors determining vaccination outcomes are still poorly understood. Methods We investigated the antibody response to seasonal influenza vaccination in 135 HSCT patients and 69 healthy volunteers (HVs) in a prospective observational multicenter cohort study. We identified patient factors associated with hemagglutination inhibition titers against A/California/2009/H1N1, A/Texas/2012/H3N2, and B/Massachusetts/2012 by multivariable regression on the observed titer levels and on seroconversion/seroprotection categories for comparison. Results Both regression approaches yielded consistent results but regression on titers estimated associations with higher precision. HSCT patients required 2 vaccine doses to achieve average responses comparable to a single dose in HVs. Prevaccination titers were positively associated with time after transplantation, confirming that HSCT patients can elicit potent antibody responses. However, an unrelated donor, absolute lymphocyte counts below the normal range, and treatment with calcineurin inhibitors lowered the odds of responding. Conclusions HSCT patients show a highly heterogeneous vaccine response but, overall, patients benefited from the booster shot and can acquire seroprotective antibodies over the years after transplantation. Several common patient factors lower the odds of responding, urging identification of additional preventive strategies in the poorly responding groups. Clinical Trials Registration NCT03467074.

Publication status

published

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Volume

225 (8)

Pages / Article No.

1482 - 1493

Publisher

Oxford University Press

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Date created

Subject

influenza; vaccination; Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; immunosuppression; graft-versus-host disease; hemagglutination inhibition titer; seroconversion; categorical regression; sequential model

Organisational unit

03699 - Stelling, Jörg / Stelling, Jörg check_circle

Notes

This paper was presented in part at the 31. Conference of the Austro-Swiss Region of the International Biometric Society in Lausanne, Switzerland from 9-12. September 2019.

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