Plant invasions into mountains and alpine ecosystems: current status and future challenges
Abstract
Recent years have seen a surge of interest in understanding patterns and processes of plant invasions into mountains. Here, we synthesise current knowledge about the spread of non-native plants along elevation gradients, emphasising the current status and impacts that these species have in alpine ecosystems. Globally, invasions along elevation gradients are influenced by propagule availability, environmental constraints on population growth, evolutionary change and biotic interactions. The highest elevations are so far relatively free from non-native plants. Nonetheless, in total nearly 200 non-native plant species have been recorded from alpine environments around the world. However, we identified only three species as specifically cold-adapted, with the overwhelming majority having their centres of distribution under warmer environments, and few have substantial impacts on native communities. A combination of low propagule availability and low invasibility likely explain why alpine environments host few non-native plants relative to lowland ecosystems. However, experiences in some areas demonstrate that alpine ecosystems are not inherently resistant to invasions. Furthermore, they will face increasing pressure from the introduction of pre-adapted species, climate change, and the range expansion of native species, which are already causing concern in some areas. Nonetheless, because they are still relatively free from non-native plants, preventative action could be an effective way to limit future impacts of invasions in alpine environments. Mehr anzeigen
Persistenter Link
https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000118985Publikationsstatus
publishedExterne Links
Zeitschrift / Serie
Alpine BotanyBand
Seiten / Artikelnummer
Verlag
SpringerThema
Climate change; Elevation gradient; Mountain; Non-native plant; Range expansionOrganisationseinheit
03909 - Levine, Jonathan M. (ehemalig) / Levine, Jonathan M. (former)
03706 - Widmer, Alexander / Widmer, Alexander
Anmerkungen
It was possible to publish this article open access thanks to a Swiss National Licence with the publisher.