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Why Membranes Matter: Ion Exchange Membranes in Holistic Process Optimization of Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
(2023)Advanced Sustainable SystemsReducing carbon dioxide to value-added chemicals by electrolysis is a promising strategy to substitute fossil-based processes. Research on CO2 electrolysis has vastly progressed, focusing on catalysis and electrode design, leaving an essential question on the central part of the electrolyzer: Which type of ion exchange membrane is best suited for CO2 electrolysis from an economic perspective? To address this question, holistic process ...Journal Article -
Water and Ethanol as Refrigerant Mixture Enabling Adsorption Cooling below 0 °C
(2023)Energy TechnologyAdsorption chillers can avoid two types of greenhouse gas emissions from conventional cooling technologies: energy-related emissions by utilizing waste heat and refrigerant leakage-related emissions by employing the natural refrigerant water. However, water restricts the minimal cooling temperature to its freezing point. To overcome this limitation, herein, a boiling antifreeze in adsorption chillers is proposed. For this purpose, a ...Journal Article -
The demand response potential in copper production
(2022)Journal of Cleaner ProductionDemand response (DR) of large industrial electricity consumers is a promising option to balance the fluctuating supply by renewable energies in the electricity grid. Renewable energy technologies themselves depend on copper as a key material. At the same time, the production of copper is a power-intensive process but its DR potential has not yet been quantified in detail via process scheduling. Here, we analyze the DR potential of ...Journal Article -
A climate-optimal supply chain for CO2 capture, utilization, and storage by mineralization
(2022)Journal of Cleaner ProductionCO2 mineralization not only captures and stores CO2 permanently but also yields value-added products utilized in, for example, the cement industry. CO2 mineralization has been shown to potentially substantially reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Realizing CO2 mineralization's potential on a large scale requires a) solid feedstock, b) CO2 sources, c) low-carbon energy, and d) markets for mineralization products. In general, these four ...Journal Article -
Waste Heat to Power: Full-Cycle Analysis of a Thermally Regenerative Flow Battery
(2022)Energy TechnologyLarge amounts of waste heat, below 120 °C, are released globally by industry. To convert this low-temperature waste heat to power, thermally regenerative flow batteries (TRFBs) have recently been studied. Most analyses focus on either the discharging or the regeneration phase. However, both phases have to be considered to holistically assess the performance of the flow battery. Therefore, a dynamic, open-access, full-cycle model of a ...Journal Article -
Closed-Loop Adsorption-Based Upgrading of Heat from 90 to 110 °C: Experimental Demonstration and Insights for Future Development
(2022)Energy TechnologyIndustrial energy efficiency can be increased by recovering waste heat, mainly available below 100 °C. This low-temperature waste heat can drive Adsorption Heat Transformers (AdHTs) to upgrade waste heat to industrially relevant temperatures above 100 °C. Flexible process integration can be achieved by decoupling adsorptive and heat transfer fluid in closed-loop cycles. However, the experimental feasibility of closed-loop AdHTs has not ...Journal Article -
The Thermo-Economic Potential of ORC-Based Pumped-Thermal Electricity Storage: Insights from the Integrated Design of Processes and Working Fluids
(2022)Energy TechnologyHigher shares of renewable energy increase the need for electricity storage. A promising storage technology is Pumped-Thermal Electricity Storage (PTES): PTES systems transform electricity into heat using a heat pump (HP) and reconvert the heat into electricity using a heat engine. Since both heat pumps and heat engines require working fluids, maximum performance requires the optimal combination of PTES process and working fluids. In this ...Journal Article -
Reaction Mechanisms and Rate Constants of Auto-Catalytic Urethane Formation and Cleavage Reactions
(2021)ChemistryOpenThe chemistry of urethanes plays a key role in important industrial processes. Although catalysts are often used, the study of the reactions without added catalysts provides the basis for a deeper understanding. For the non-catalytic urethane formation and cleavage reactions, the dominating reaction mechanism has long been debated. To our knowledge, the reaction kinetics have not been predicted quantitatively so far. Therefore, we report ...Journal Article -
Upgrading Waste Heat from 90 to 110 degrees C: The Potential of Adsorption Heat Transformation
(2021)Energy TechnologyLow-grade heat is abundantly available below 100 degrees C, whereas industry mainly needs heat above 100 degrees C. Thus, the industry cannot directly utilize low-grade heat to save primary energy and emissions. Low-grade heat can be utilized by adsorption heat transformers (AdHTs); however, closed AdHTs to upgrade heat above 100 degrees C are only investigated by idealized steady-state analyses, which indicate the maximal theoretical ...Journal Article -
Validated Performance Prediction of Adsorption Chillers: Bridging the Gap from Gram‐Scale Experiments to Full‐Scale Chillers
(2020)Energy TechnologyAdsorption chillers provide sustainable cooling from waste or solar heat. However, adsorption chillers currently show limited performance. To increase the performance, new working pairs and adsorber geometries are constantly proposed. Evaluating the performance of new working pairs and adsorber geometries requires time and large amounts of the material. To reduce time and material needs, a method is presented to reliably predict the heat ...Journal Article