Journal: Nutrition

Abbreviation

Nutr

Publisher

Elsevier

Journal Volumes

ISSN

0899-9007
1873-1244

Description

Filters

Reset filters

Search Results

Publications 1 - 6 of 6
  • Clustering of sociodemographic and lifestyle factors among adults with excess weight in a multilingual country
    Item type: Journal Article
    Vinci, Linda; Krieger, Jean-Philippe; Braun, Julia; et al. (2019)
    Nutrition
    Objective The aim of this study was to identify and cluster potential sociodemographic and lifestyle determinants of excess weight (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) in Switzerland. Methods Participants of the cross-sectional National Nutrition Survey menuCH (2014–2015, n = 2057) were categorized according to body mass index. Logistic regressions were conducted with sociodemographic (age, language region, education, household income, household status) and lifestyle factors (smoking, self-rated health status, physical activity, energy intake, Alternate Healthy Eating Index) to identify determinants of excess weight. Factorial analysis and clustering were applied to identify patterns among individuals with excess weight (n = 891). Results Poor or very poor self-rated health status and low levels of physical activity were associated with increased odds for obesity in men (odds ratio [OR] = 5.39 [95% confidence interval = 5.30–5.48], OR = 2.51 [2.14–2.95], respectively) and women (OR = 12.40 [11.59-13.26], OR = 4.83 [3.04–7.67], respectively). In both sexes, the Alternate Healthy Eating Index score was inversely associated with the probability of having obesity. Cluster analysis identified four distinct patterns: “young living with parents” (14.6%), “men with high educational level” (41.5%), “women living alone” (34.9%), and “low educational level and Italian language region” (9.0%). Conclusions We identified four discrete subgroups of individuals with excess weight who differed by sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Such subgroups may prove useful for targeted public health interventions.
  • Effect of hydroxycitrate on respiratory quotient, energy expenditure, and glucose tolerance in male rats after a period of restrictive feeding
    Item type: Journal Article
    Leonhardt, Monika; Balkan, Börk; Langhans, Wolfgang (2004)
    Nutrition
    Objective Recently we demonstrated that hydroxycitrate (HCA) suppresses food intake and body weight regain in male rats after substantial body weight loss. However, it is not known whether HCA also affects the respiration quotient (RQ), energy expenditure (EE), and glucose tolerance in this animal model. Methods Twenty-four male rats (initial body weight, 378 ± 3 g) were fed restrictively (10 g/d) for 10 d and then given ad libitum access to a high-glucose diet supplemented with 3% HCA for 6 d. Controls received the same diet without the supplement. RQ and EE were measured during ad libitum days 1, 2, and 6. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed on ad libitum day 4 or 5. Results HCA decreased RQ and EE during ad libitum days 1 and 2. In all probability, these findings reflect a decrease in de novo lipogenesis. On ad libitum day 6, RQ and EE did not differ between treatment groups. HCA suppressed food intake during the first 3 d ad libitum, but overall body weight regain was not decreased in the HCA group. The oral glucose tolerance test showed that HCA significantly decreased the increase in plasma glucose from baseline (Δglucose) and tended to decrease the area under the curve for glucose. Δinsulin and area under the curve for insulin did not differ between groups. Conclusions These results indicate that, in this animal model, HCA suppresses de novo lipogenesis. Moreover, HCA may improve glucose tolerance.
  • Dissociation of mercaptoacetate's effects on feeding and fat metabolism by dietary medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols in rats
    Item type: Journal Article
    Mansouri, Abdelhak; Koss, Michael D.; Brandt, Karsten; et al. (2008)
    Nutrition
    Objective and Methods Mercaptoacetate (MA) inhibits hepatic fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and stimulates feeding in rats fed fat-rich diets. To test whether the feeding stimulation by MA depends on hepatic FAO, we compared the effects of intraperitoneally injected MA (45.6 mg/kg body weight) with saline in rats fed diets containing 18% predominately long-chain triacylglycerols (LCTs; ≥90% 16 C) or 18% medium-chain triacylglycerols (MCTs; 51% 10–12 C). We hypothesized that, because medium-chain fatty acids reach the liver and are oxidized faster than long-chain fatty acids, if MA’s feeding-stimulatory effect depends on hepatic FAO, MA should stimulate feeding more in MCT-fed rats than in LCT-fed rats. Results Although MA injected in mid-light phase stimulated feeding similarly in MCT- and LCT-fed rats, MA injected at light onset initially stimulated food intake (1 h) only in LCT- and not in MCT-fed rats. To investigate MA’s metabolic effects during the initial hour, rats were sacrificed 30 min after light-onset injections. At this time plasma β-hydroxybutyrate appeared to be higher in MCT- than in LCT-fed rats and to be increased by MA. In a final experiment, MA did not affect fatty acid content in liver and duodenum tissues but increased fatty acids in duodenal tissue mitochondria from 12 h-fasted rats fed chow. Conclusion In light-onset tests, adaptation to the MCT diet increased hepatic FAO but not the feeding-stimulatory effect of MA in comparison with adaptation to the LCT diet, suggesting that at this time MA does not act in the liver to stimulate feeding or that this effect is not due to FAO inhibition. Inhibition of duodenal mitochondrial FAO may be another metabolic process through which MA stimulates feeding.
  • Salt-reduction strategies may compromise salt iodization programs: Learnings from South Africa and Ghana
    Item type: Journal Article
    Menyanu, Elias; Corso, Barbara; Minicuci, Nadia; et al. (2021)
    Nutrition
    Objectives Universal salt iodization has been adopted by many countries to address iodine deficiency. More recently, salt-reduction strategies have been widely implemented to meet global salt intake targets of <5 g/d. Compatibility of the two policies has yet to be demonstrated. This study compares urinary iodine excretion (UIE) according to 24-h urinary sodium excretion, between South Africa (SA) and Ghana; both countries have implemented universal salt iodization, but in Ghana no salt-reduction legislation has been implemented. Methods Participants from the World Health Organization's Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health Wave 3, with survey and valid 24-h urinary data (Ghana, n = 495; SA, n = 707), comprised the sample. Median 24-h UIE was compared across salt intake categories of <5, 5–9 and >9 g/d. Results In Ghana, median sodium excretion indicated a salt intake of 10.7 g/d (interquartile range [IQR] = 7.6), and median UIE was 182.4 µg/L (IQR = 162.5). In SA, both values were lower: median salt = 5.6 g/d (IQR = 5.0), median UIE = 100.2 µg/L (IQR = 129.6). UIE differed significantly across salt intake categories (P < 0.001) in both countries, with positive correlations observed in both—Ghana: r = 0.1501, P < 0.0011; South Africa: r = 0.4050, P < 0.0001. Participants with salt intakes <9 g/d in SA did not meet the World Health Organization's recommended iodine intake of 150 µg/d, but this was not the case in Ghana. Conclusions Monitoring and surveillance of iodine status is recommended in countries that have introduced salt-reduction strategies, in order to prevent reemergence of iodine deficiency.
  • TaqIA polymorphism in dopamine D2 receptor gene complicates weight maintenance in younger obese patients
    Item type: Journal Article
    Winkler, Julia K.; Woehning, Annika; Schultz, Jobst-Hendrik; et al. (2012)
    Nutrition
    Objective The A1 allele of the TaqIA polymorphism in the dopamine D2 receptor gene (rs1800497) has been associated with obesity. However, the effect of the polymorphism on the success in weight loss and/or weight maintenance during weight-loss programs has not been evaluated thus far. Methods The rs1800497 was genotyped in 202 (135 female, 67 male) severely obese individuals with an initial body mass index of 41.7 ± 0.5 kg/m2 who participated in a weight-loss program consisting of a weight-loss phase with a formula diet (12 wk) and a weight-maintenance phase (40 wk). Measurements were collected at baseline, after the weight-loss phase, and at the end of the weight-maintenance phase at 1 y. Results Genotyping revealed 4 A1A1, 67 A1A2, and 131 A2A2 genotype carriers. Of the 202 subjects in the program, 66.8% completed the program and 33.2% terminated prematurely. Neither the attrition rate (P = 0.44) nor the overall weight loss was influenced by the different genotypes (P = 0.96). However, younger A1+ participants (A1A1 and A1A2) had a higher body mass index at all time points (baseline, P = 0.04; after weight loss, P = 0.05; after weight maintenance, P = 0.02). They also showed less overall weight loss (P = 0.05), which derived mainly from a greater weight regain during the maintenance phase (P = 0.02). Conclusion In this program, younger A1+ participants exhibited problems in maintaining weight loss during a weight-loss program.
  • Beneficial and deleterious effects of hydroxycitrate in rats fed a high-fructose diet
    Item type: Journal Article
    Brandt, Karsten; Langhans, Wolfgang; Geary, Nori; et al. (2006)
    Nutrition
    Objective The present study assessed whether long-term supplementation of a high-fructose diet with hydroxycitrate (HCA), an inhibitor of de novo lipogenesis that is widely used as a non-prescription dietary aid, decreases food intake, visceral fat accumulation, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperinsulinemia in rats. Methods We examined the effects of HCA (1.8% of diet) on food intake, body weight gain, visceral fat accumulation, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperinsulinemia in rats during a 4-wk period of ad libitum access to a 50% fructose diet after a 3-wk period of food restriction in which they lost about 20% of their body weight. Results HCA decreased food intake and weight gain throughout the test and reduced visceral fat accumulation compared with control rats fed ad libitum (CON). Rats that were pair-fed (PF) to the HCA rats showed similar decreases in weight gain and visceral fat. HCA did not ameliorate the hypertriglyceridemia induced by high-fructose feeding. HCA improved insulin sensitivity on day 10 in comparison with CON rats, but by day 27 insulin levels were similarly higher and liver glycogen levels were similarly lower in HCA and CON rats in comparison with PF rats. Liver lipid content was elevated in HCA rats compared with CON and PF rats. Conclusion These findings indicate that, although HCA attenuates body weight gain and visceral fat accumulation by reducing food intake under these conditions, it has no lasting beneficial effects on hypertriglyceridemia and hyperinsulinemia and leads to the accumulation of liver lipids.
Publications 1 - 6 of 6