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Amphotericin B Increases Influenza A Virus Infection by Preventing IFITM3-Mediated Restriction
(2013)Cell ReportsThe IFITMs inhibit influenza A virus (IAV) replication in vitro and in vivo. Here, we establish that the antimycotic heptaen, amphotericin B (AmphoB), prevents IFITM3-mediated restriction of IAV, thereby increasing viral replication. Consistent with its neutralization of IFITM3, a clinical preparation of AmphoB, AmBisome, reduces the majority of interferon’s protective effect against IAV in vitro. Mechanistic studies reveal that IFITM1 ...Journal Article -
Tensor-Product Discretization for the Spatially Inhomogeneous and Transient Boltzmann Equation in Two Dimensions
(2017)The SMAI Journal of Computational MathematicsWe consider the spatially inhomogeneous and nonlinear Boltzmann equation for the variable hard spheres model. The distribution function is discretized by a tensor-product ansatz by combining Maxwellian modulated Laguerre polynomials in velocity with continuous, linear finite elements in the spatial domain. The advection problem in phase space is discretized through a Galerkin least squares technique and yields an implicit formulation in ...Journal Article -
mTORC1 Controls PNS Myelination along the mTORC1-RXRγ-SREBP-Lipid Biosynthesis Axis in Schwann Cells
(2014)Cell ReportsMyelin formation during peripheral nervous system (PNS) development, and reformation after injury and in disease, requires multiple intrinsic and extrinsic signals. Akt/mTOR signaling has emerged as a major player involved, but the molecular mechanisms and downstream effectors are virtually unknown. Here, we have used Schwann-cell-specific conditional gene ablation of raptor and rictor, which encode essential components of the mTOR complexes ...Journal Article -
Nanoindentation Response analysis of Thin Film Substrates-I: Strain Gradient-Divergence Approach
(2017)Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical SciencesNanoindentation is a widely-used method for sensitive exploration of the mechanical properties of micromechanical systems. We derive a simple empirical analysis technique to extract stress-strain field (SSF) gradient and divergence representations from nanoindentation data sets. Using this approach, local SSF gradients and structural heterogeneities can be discovered to obtain more detail about the sample’s microstructure, thus enhancing ...Journal Article -
Nanoindentation response analysis of thin film substrates-II: Strain hardening-softening oscillations in subsurface layer
(2017)Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical SciencesWe have extracted stress-strain field (SSF) gradient and divergence rep-resentations from nanoindentation data sets of bulk solids often used as thin film substrates: bearing and tooling steels, silicon, glasses, and fused silica. Oscillations of the stress-strain field gradient and divergence induced in the subsurface layer by the nanoindentation have been revealed. The oscillations are especially prominent in single ...Journal Article -
Cardinality Estimators do Not Preserve Privacy
(2019)Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing TechnologiesCardinality estimators like HyperLogLog are sketching algorithms that estimate the number of distinct elements in a large multiset. Their use in privacy-sensitive contexts raises the question of whether they leak private information. In particular, can they provide any privacy guarantees while preserving their strong aggregation properties? We formulate an abstract notion of cardinality estimators, that captures this aggregation requirement: ...Journal Article -
Cytokine-Regulated GADD45G Induces Differentiation and Lineage Selection in Hematopoietic Stem Cells
(2014)Stem Cell ReportsThe balance of self-renewal and differentiation in long-term repopulating hematopoietic stem cells (LT-HSC) must be strictly controlled to maintain blood homeostasis and to prevent leukemogenesis. Hematopoietic cytokines can induce differentiation in LT-HSCs; however, the molecular mechanism orchestrating this delicate balance requires further elucidation. We identified the tumor suppressor GADD45G as an instructor of LT-HSC differentiation ...Journal Article -
SPOT14-Positive Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells in the Hippocampus Respond Dynamically to Neurogenic Regulators
(2014)Stem Cell ReportsProliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) in the adult brain is tightly controlled to prevent exhaustion and to ensure proper neurogenesis. Several extrinsic stimuli affect NSPC regulation. However, the lack of unique markers led to controversial results regarding the in vivo behavior of NSPCs to different stimuli. We recently identified SPOT14, which controls NSPC proliferation through regulation of de novo lipogenesis, ...Journal Article -
A Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Surface N-Glycoproteome Resource Reveals Markers, Extracellular Epitopes, and Drug Targets
(2014)Stem Cell ReportsDetailed knowledge of cell-surface proteins for isolating well-defined populations of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) would significantly enhance their characterization and translational potential. Through a chemoproteomic approach, we developed a cell-surface proteome inventory containing 496 N-linked glycoproteins on human embryonic (hESCs) and induced PSCs (hiPSCs). Against a backdrop of human fibroblasts and 50 other cell types, ...Journal Article -
Evaluation of boundary layer cloud parameterizations in the ECHAM5 general circulation model using CALIPSO and CloudSat satellite data
(2014)Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth SystemsThree different boundary layer cloud models are incorporated into the ECHAM5 general circulation model (GCM) and compared to CloudSat and CALIPSO satellite observations. The first boundary layer model builds upon the standard Tiedtke (1989) parameterization for shallow convection with an adapted convective trigger; the second is a bulk parameterization of the effects of transient shallow cumulus clouds; and lastly the Dual Mass Flux (DMF) ...Journal Article