Search
Results
-
Programmed death 1 protects from fatal circulatory failure during systemic virus infection of mice
(2012)Journal of Experimental MedicineThe inhibitory programmed death 1 (PD-1)–programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway contributes to the functional down-regulation of T cell responses during persistent systemic and local virus infections. The blockade of PD-1–PD-L1–mediated inhibition is considered as a therapeutic approach to reinvigorate antiviral T cell responses. Yet previous studies reported that PD-L1–deficient mice develop fatal pathology during early systemic ...Journal Article -
Development and application of the adverse outcome pathway framework for understanding and predicting chronic toxicity. II. A focus on growth impairment in fish
(2015)ChemosphereAdverse outcome pathways (AOPs) organize knowledge on the progression of toxicity through levels of biological organization. By determining the linkages between toxicity events at different levels, AOPs lay the foundation for mechanism-based alternative testing approaches to hazard assessment. Here, we focus on growth impairment in fish to illustrate the initial stages in the process of AOP development for chronic toxicity outcomes. Growth ...Journal Article -
Development and application of the adverse outcome pathway framework for understanding and predicting chronic toxicity. I. Challenges and research needs in ecotoxicology
(2015)ChemosphereTo elucidate the effects of chemicals on populations of different species in the environment, efficient testing and modeling approaches are needed that consider multiple stressors and allow reliable extrapolation of responses across species. An adverse outcome pathway (AOP) is a concept that provides a framework for organizing knowledge about the progression of toxicity events across scales of biological organization that lead to adverse ...Journal Article -
Evidence for the direct decay of the 125 GeV Higgs boson to fermions
(2014)Nature PhysicsThe discovery of a new boson with a mass of approximately 125 GeV in 2012 at the Large Hadron Collider1,2,3 has heralded a new era in understanding the nature of electroweak symmetry breaking and possibly completing the standard model of particle physics4,5,6,7,8,9. Since the first observation in decays to γγ, WW and ZZ boson pairs, an extensive set of measurements of the mass10,11 and couplings to W and Z bosons11,12,13, as well as ...Journal Article -
Shock waves on complex networks
(2014)Scientific ReportsPower grids, road maps, and river streams are examples of infrastructural networks which are highly vulnerable to external perturbations. An abrupt local change of load (voltage, traffic density, or water level) might propagate in a cascading way and affect a significant fraction of the network. Almost discontinuous perturbations can be modeled by shock waves which can eventually interfere constructively and endanger the normal functionality ...Journal Article -
Hybrid-Electric Vehicle with Natural Gas-Diesel Engine
(2013)EnergiesAbstract In this paper we demonstrate the potential of combining electric hybridization with a dual-fuel natural gas-Diesel engine. We show that carbon dioxide emissions can be reduced to 43 gram per kilometer with a subcompact car on the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC). The vehicle is operated in charge-sustaining mode, which means that all energy is provided by the fuel. The result is obtained by hardware-in-the-loop experiments where ...Journal Article -
Intake Manifold Boosting of Turbocharged Spark-Ignited Engines
(2013)EnergiesDownsizing and turbocharging is a widely used approach to reduce the fuel consumption of spark ignited engines while retaining the maximum power output. However, a substantial loss in drivability must be expected due to the occurrence of the so-called turbo lag. The turbo lag results from the additional inertia that the turbocharger adds to the system. Supplying air by an additional valve, the boost valve, to the intake manifold can be ...Journal Article -
Fracturing ranked surfaces
(2012)Scientific ReportsDiscretized landscapes can be mapped onto ranked surfaces, where every element (site or bond) has a unique rank associated with its corresponding relative height. By sequentially allocating these elements according to their ranks and systematically preventing the occupation of bridges, namely elements that, if occupied, would provide global connectivity, we disclose that bridges hide a new tricritical point at an occupation fraction p = ...Journal Article -
Combined Optimal Sizing and Control for a Hybrid Tracked Vehicle
(2012)EnergiesThe optimal sizing and control of a hybrid tracked vehicle is presented and solved in this paper. A driving schedule obtained from field tests is used to represent typical tracked vehicle operations. Dynamics of the diesel engine-permanent magnetic AC synchronous generator set, the lithium-ion battery pack, and the power split between them are modeled and validated through experiments. Two coupled optimizations, one for the plant parameters, ...Journal Article -
The bee microbiome: Impact on bee health and model for evolution and ecology of host-microbe interactions
(2016)mBioAs pollinators, bees are cornerstones for terrestrial ecosystem stability and key components in agricultural productivity. All animals, including bees, are associated with a diverse community of microbes, commonly referred to as the microbiome. The bee microbiome is likely to be a crucial factor affecting host health. However, with the exception of a few pathogens, the impacts of most members of the bee microbiome on host health are poorly ...Journal Article