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Food insecurity and poverty
(2023)Elgar Handbooks in Development ~ Research Handbook on Measuring Poverty and DeprivationDespite rapid economic growth and poverty reduction within the last three decades, food insecurity still afflicts about two billion people worldwide. As a result, food insecurity is one of the top priorities for governments in many countries, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries highlighted by the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Poverty is a direct cause of food insecurity. At the same time, food insecurity leads ...Encyclopedia Entry -
Potential of Fullerenes for Photodynamic Therapy Application
(2021)Handbook of Fullerene Science and TechnologySince the initial reports on 1O2 generation from C60 and C70 by Foote in 1991 and photo DNA cleavage activity of water-soluble C60 derivative by Nakamura in 1993, many studies have been reported on the use of fullerenes (C60 and C70) in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The advantages of fullerenes as photosensitizers (PSs) in PDT include high quantum yield in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROSs) and a relatively long excitation ...Encyclopedia Entry -
A Diversity of Primary Producers in Lakes
(2022)Encyclopedia of Inland WatersAim: We present the current state of knowledge with regards to the biodiversity of phytoplankton in lakes. We introduce the main concepts of biodiversity and review the mechanisms regulating phytoplankton diversity at local and regional scales. We also list the main methods to study phytoplankton diversity and offer a set of case studies for further reading. Main concepts: What is biodiversity at the local and regional scale (taxonomic, ...Encyclopedia Entry -
Correlative Multimodal Imaging for Multiscale Analysis of Complex Biological Systems: Validation Methods and Performance Analysis
(2023)Reference Series in Biomedical Engineering ~ Bioimaging in Tissue Engineering and RegenerationEncyclopedia Entry -
Graphentheorie
(2024)Netzwerkforschung ~ Handbuch NetzwerkforschungDurch die Repräsentation von Netzwerkdaten als Graphen wird eine Vielzahl mathematischer Einsichten und Methoden erschlossen. In diesem Beitrag werden grundlegende Konzepte und Begrifflichkeiten vorgestellt und durch Überlegungen zur Modellierung kontextualisiert.Encyclopedia Entry -
Scattering, inelastic: Electron
(2024)Encyclopedia of Condensed Matter PhysicsAn interaction event between an electron and a target material is called inelastic if the electron loses some or all of its energy. The general theory of the inelastic scattering cross-section is first developed before being specialized to interband transitions, plasmon excitations, vibrations at surfaces, core-electron excitations, and (e−, 2e−) scattering. Examples are provided to illustrate how the elementary excitations of each method ...Encyclopedia Entry -
How will autonomous vehicles impact car ownership and travel behavior
(2021)International Encyclopedia of TransportationThe results of studies investigating the impact of automated vehicles can vary substantially, partly due to different assumptions on key input parameters such as costs and travel behavior. We therefore present a detailed cost analysis that was performed for 17 metropolitan areas in 15 different countries. Furthermore, we show the results of a comprehensive survey that was conducted in the canton of Zurich of Switzerland, with the intent ...Encyclopedia Entry -
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Vogt, Günther
(2021)Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon - Internationale Künstlerdatenbank - OnlineEncyclopedia Entry