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Potential of Fullerenes for Photodynamic Therapy Application
(2021)Handbook of Fullerene Science and TechnologySince the initial reports on 1O2 generation from C60 and C70 by Foote in 1991 and photo DNA cleavage activity of water-soluble C60 derivative by Nakamura in 1993, many studies have been reported on the use of fullerenes (C60 and C70) in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The advantages of fullerenes as photosensitizers (PSs) in PDT include high quantum yield in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROSs) and a relatively long excitation ...Encyclopedia Entry -
Vogt, Günther
(2021)Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon - Internationale Künstlerdatenbank - OnlineEncyclopedia Entry -
Resource Recovery from Human Excreta in Urban and Regional Settlements
(2021)The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Urban and Regional FuturesEncyclopedia Entry -
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Regulation | Metabolite channeling in energy metabolism
(2021)Encyclopedia of Biological Chemistry IIIMetabolite channeling is a general mechanism to increase efficiency of sequential reactions in a metabolic pathway. It describes the transfer of intermediates between sequential enzymes without equilibration of these metabolites with the surrounding bulk solution, forming so-called metabolons or microcompartments. It is structurally based on colocalization or complex formation of the participating enzymes and on specific diffusion ...Encyclopedia Entry -
Bio-Based organic and hydroxy acid production with corynebacterium glutamicum
(2021)The Encyclopedia of Bacteriology Research DevelopmentsOrganic acids are used in several industrial sectors, such as food or pharmaceutical industry and serve as building block chemicals for a vast variety of products. Up to date many of them are obtained from petrochemical resources, implementing energy intensive chemical refining and waste production with a high environmental impact [1]. The enormous annual demand requests the development of efficient and sustainable bioprocesses for organic ...Encyclopedia Entry -
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Solar Energy in Thermochemical Processing
(2012)Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and TechnologyEncyclopedia Entry -
Overview and introduction
(2020)Chemical Ecology and Mode of Action of Natural Products ~ Comprehensive Natural Products IIIEncyclopedia Entry -
How will autonomous vehicles impact car ownership and travel behavior
(2021)International Encyclopedia of TransportationThe results of studies investigating the impact of automated vehicles can vary substantially, partly due to different assumptions on key input parameters such as costs and travel behavior. We therefore present a detailed cost analysis that was performed for 17 metropolitan areas in 15 different countries. Furthermore, we show the results of a comprehensive survey that was conducted in the canton of Zurich of Switzerland, with the intent ...Encyclopedia Entry -
Policy Instruments to Reduce Carbon Emissions From Road Transport
(2021)International Encyclopedia of TransportationThis paper surveys policy instruments aiming at reducing carbon emissions from road transport. We present the basic economic framework used to evaluate environmental policy instruments and discuss the challenges and limitations it faces, which are important enough to justify departures from the first-best instrument (Pigouvian tax). We then discuss a number of policy instruments, including fuel and mileage taxes, standards, different forms ...Encyclopedia Entry -
Social Network Models
(2020)Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being ResearchEncyclopedia Entry -
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Methane in Earth History
(2020)Encyclopedia of GeologyNaturally occurring methane has two sources, defined as biogenic methane and thermogenic methane. Biogenic methane is the product of microbial activity, the formation of thermogenic methane is controlled by temperature, pressure and also by the composition of organic matter preserved in the sediments. Gas hydrates form the largest methane sink in the methane cycle. Methane hydrate is a mix of water molecules forming an ice structure and ...Encyclopedia Entry -
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Taxation and the Multinational Firm
(2020)Encyclopedia of International Economics and Global Trade. Volume 1: Foreign Direct Investment and the Multinational EnterpriseEncyclopedia Entry -
In Situ Characterization of Drug Nanoparticles by FTIR Spectroscopy
(2005)Nanotechnologies for the Life Sciences ~ Nanosystem Characterization Tools in the Life SciencesEncyclopedia Entry -
Identification methods for reaction kinetics and transport
(2008)Encyclopedia of optimizationEncyclopedia Entry -
Land Use, Land Cover and Land Management Change: Definitions, Scenarios, and Role in the Climate System
(2018)Oxford Bibliographies in Environmental ScienceEncyclopedia Entry