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Recent Submissions 

  1. Before Vegas: The “Red Hackers” Who Shaped China’s Cyber Ecosystem 

    Benincasa, Eugenio (2025)
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  2. Die neue Arithmetik der NATO 

    Grgić, Gorana (2025)
    CSS Analysen zur Sicherheitspolitik
    Die neue Formel der Verteidigungsausgaben der NATO spiegelt sowohl die Bündnispolitik als auch eine Veränderung der Lastenteilung wider. Wie auf dem Gipfeltreffen in Den Haag bekräftigt wurde, stellt dieser Ansatz einen Schritt in Richtung einer grösseren europäischen Verteidigungsautonomie dar, deren Umsetzung jedoch herausfordernd bleibt.
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  3. La nouvelle arithmétique de l’Alliance 

    Grgić, Gorana (2025)
    Politique de sécurité: analyses du CSS
    La nouvelle formule de dépenses de défense de l’OTAN reflète la politique de l’Alliance, redéfinit le partage des charges et marque, comme l’ont montré les Alliés lors du Sommet de La Haye, une évolution vers une plus grande autonomie de l’Europe en matière de défense, malgré d’importants défis de mise en œuvre
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  4. Real-Time Immersive Design with GenAI 

    Yang, Wenqian; Savov, Anton (2025)
    At the Immersive Design Lab (IDL) in Design++ at ETH Zurich, we explore how generative AI can enrich architectural design and real-time interactive experiences. Our work leverages Stable Diffusion, CLIP, ControlNET, and ComfyUI to generate compelling, context-aware images that complement an immersive environment equipped with motion tracking (OptiTrack) and a 72-speaker audio system. The video attached to this submission showcases the ...
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  5. Sécurité énergétique et capacités de défense 

    Schliesser, Leonard (2025)
    Politique de sécurité: analyses du CSS
    La sécurité énergétique et le changement climatique occupent une place secondaire dans le débat actuel sur les capacités de défense. Il est pourtant judicieux sur le plan militaire, écologique et économique d’accroître l’autonomie énergétique des forces armées. Cette approche pourrait réduire la dépendance aux importations, alléger la logistique, diminuer les coûts d’exploitation, économiser des émissions de CO₂ et renforcer la résilience.
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  6. Energiesicherheit für Verteidigungsfähigkeit 

    Schliesser, Leonard (2025)
    CSS Analysen zur Sicherheitspolitik
    In der aktuellen Diskussion um die Verteidigungsfähigkeit spielen Energiesicherheit und Klimawandel eine untergeordnete Rolle. Die Steigerung der Energieunabhängigkeit von Streitkräften ist jedoch militärisch, ökologisch und ökonomisch sinnvoll. Importabhängigkeiten können reduziert, die Logistik entlastet, Betriebskosten gesenkt, CO2-Emissionen eingespart und die Resilienz gesteigert werden.
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  7. Energy Security for Defense Capability 

    Schliesser, Leonard (2025)
    CSS Analyses in Security Policy
    In the current debate surrounding defense capability, both energy security and climate change play a secondary role. However, increasing the energy independence of armed forces makes sense militarily, environmentally, and economically. It reduces dependence on imports, relieves the logistical burden, cuts CO2 emissions, and bolsters resilience.
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  8. The New Arithmetic of Alliance 

    Grgić, Gorana (2025)
    CSS Analyses in Security Policy
    Amid transatlantic uncertainties and a transformed threat environment, NATO’s new defense spending formula reflects both alliance politics and a conceptual shift in burden-sharing. As affirmed at the Hague Summit, this approach signals a move toward greater European defense autonomy, albeit not without major implementation challenges.
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  9. Xsummarizer: An eXplanatory Summarizer of Lecture Slides for Chemistry and Bioscience 

    Yao, Jianzhou; Pettersson, Rikard (2025)
    Xsummarizer is an AI-powered tool that creates explainable, structured summaries of lecture slides in chemistry and biosciences. Designed with science students in mind, it clarifies key concepts, defines terms, and interprets diagrams slide by slide. Unlike generic chatbot wrappers, Xsummarizer reflects an interdisciplinary understanding of STEMeducation and student needs. It streamlines note-taking, supports pre-lecture prep, and ...
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  10. AI-Assisted Drafting of Reference Letters 

    Schmitt, Johannes (2025)
    Academic reference letters are a crucial component of student applications for scholarships, graduate programs, and job opportunities. However, drafting effective letters can be timeconsuming, especially for non-native English speakers or those new to writing recommendations.This case study demonstrates how AI can assist in creating a first draft based on a student’s background information and bullet-point notes about their performance.
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  11. Image Analysis at Scale with Generative AI 

    Zhang, Hongyuan; Garcia Otalora, Monica Andrea (2025)
    At ETH Herbaria, the fungal collection curators are working to digitize the historical specimens. Each specimen is accompanied by a label containing essential information relevant to biodiversity research. However, most of these labels have yet to be digitized or cataloged, as the process of transcribing the printed information into digital format is both tedious and time-consuming (See Figure 1). With powerful genAI models such as ChatGPT ...
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  12. AI-Assisted Creation of Lecture Scripts 

    Schmitt, Johannes (2025)
    This report presents a case study on using AI tools to create German lecture scripts for a computer science algorithms course at ETH Zurich. The workflow combined Whisper for transcribing lecture videos and Gemini (with its 2-million token context window) for converting transcriptions and handwritten notes into structured LaTeX documents. The process achieved significant efficiency gains, requiring only 30 minutes of work per 90 minutes ...
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  13. Enhancing Medical Communication: Using AI driven Avatars to Improve Patient Interaction 

    Schlegel, Claudia; Gutmann, Sarah; Frei, Patrick; et al. (2025)
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  14. AI-Assisted LaTeX Draft from Email Thread and Handwritten Notes 

    Schmitt, Johannes (2025)
    This report describes using Claude 3.7 Sonnet to convert informal mathematical discussions—including email threads and handwritten notes—into a structured LaTeX document for collaborative research. The author successfully transformed materials about moduli spaces of abelian varieties into a draft paper by providing style references and iterative feedback. The case study illustrates how AI can accelerate the transition from informal ...
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  15. Prototyping of Missing Functionality in SageMath 

    Schmitt, Johannes (2025)
    This report describes using Claude 3.7 Sonnet to extend SageMath's functionality for mathematical research. The author worked iteratively with the AI assistant to implement missing features for class functions of finite groups, successfully creating code that integrated with SageMath's framework. The case study demonstrates how AI tools can assist with specialized mathematical programming tasks while highlighting the importance of human ...
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  16. Interactive Math Applets for Teaching 

    Schmitt, Johannes (2025)
    Creating interactive visualizations to help students develop intuition for complex mathematical concepts often requires significant time and programming expertise. This collection of examples demonstrates how AI systems can rapidly generate interactive web applications that illustrate university-level mathematical concepts, making sophisticated visualization tools accessible without specialized development skills.
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  17. Post-War Ukraine: Healing a Traumatized Nation 

    Horbyk, Roman; Perović, Jeronim (2025)
    CSS Policy Perspectives
    Once fighting stops in Ukraine, internal tensions will test state cohesion and national unity. Political infighting, scrutiny of past leadership decisions, and the military’s future role will be key challenges. Europe must prepare to help.
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  18. Chipindustrie: Europas Stärken und Schwächen 

    Grgić, Gorana; Foulon, Michiel; Schepers, Névine (2025)
    CSS Analysen zur Sicherheitspolitik
    Der Wettbewerb zwischen den USA und China in der Halbleiterindustrie verändert die globale Technologielandschaft und die Lieferketten. Europa steht in diesem Spannungsfeld vor besonderen Herausforderungen, verfügt aber in spezialisierten Segmenten der Chipindustrie über strategische Ressourcen und Fähigkeiten. Es stellt sich die Frage, wie Europa angesichts des wachsenden geopolitischen Drucks seine Stärken nutzen kann.
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  19. Le secteur des semi-conducteurs en Europe 

    Grgić, Gorana; Foulon, Michiel; Schepers, Névine (2025)
    Politique de sécurité: analyses du CSS
    La concurrence entre les États-Unis et la Chine dans le domaine des semi-conducteurs est en train de remodeler le paysage technologique et les chaînes d’approvisionnement au niveau mondial. Cette situation place l’Europe face à des défis uniques. Pourtant, le continent dispose de ressources et de capacités stratégiques importantes dans des segments spécialisés de l’industrie des puces électroniques.
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  20. Orbite de dépendance: le défi spatial de l’Ukraine 

    Poirier, Clémence (2025)
    Politique de sécurité: analyses du CSS
    Les incertitudes récentes concernant le partage de renseignements entre les États-Unis et l’Ukraine ont mis en évidence la forte dépendance de l’Ukraine à l’égard des satellites américains. L’Europe, dont les capacités spatiales s’accroissent, y voit une occasion de prendre le relais, mais n’y est pas encore prête. La situation constitue un électrochoc pour le Vieux Continent, qui a aussi pris conscience de sa dépendance vis-à-vis des ...
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