Review Article
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Amyloid and Tau Positron Emission Tomography Imaging in Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Tauopathies
(2022)Frontiers in Aging NeuroscienceThe detection and staging of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) using non-invasive imaging biomarkers is of substantial clinical importance. Positron emission tomography (PET) provides readouts to uncover molecular alterations in the brains of AD patients with high sensitivity and specificity. A variety of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau PET tracers are already available for the clinical diagnosis of AD, but there is still a lack of imaging biomarkers with ...Review Article -
Analytical modeling of advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage: Literature review and new models
(2022)Renewable and Sustainable Energy ReviewsWe review the literature on analytical models of advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage plants with isochoric reservoirs, with a focus on the insights that can be extracted from the models. The review indicates that models for plants with adiabatic reservoirs, adiabatic turbomachinery, and without throttling is missing from the literature. We proceed to derive such models, assuming that the plant is operating at the quasi-steady ...Review Article -
Defensive Symbionts and the Evolution of Parasitoid Host Specialization
(2022)Annual review of entomologyInsect host-parasitoid interactions abound in nature and are characterized by a high degree of host specialization. In addition to their behavioral and immune defenses, many host species rely on heritable bacterial endosymbionts for defense against parasitoids. Studies on aphids and flies show that resistance conferred by symbionts can be very strong and highly specific, possibly as a result of variation in symbiont-produced toxins. I ...Review Article -
Quantification of tumor heterogeneity: from data acquisition to metric generation
(2022)Trends in BiotechnologyTumors are unique and complex ecosystems, in which heterogeneous cell subpopulations with variable molecular profiles, aggressiveness, and proliferation potential coexist and interact. Understanding how heterogeneity influences tumor progression has important clinical implications for improving diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response prediction. Several recent innovations in data acquisition methods and computational metrics have ...Review Article -
Methods for characterising the steel-concrete interface to enhance understanding of reinforcement corrosion: a critical review by RILEM TC 262-SCI
(2022)Materials and StructuresThe steel-concrete interface (SCI) is a complex, multi-phase and multi-scale system. It is widely known to influence the performance and long-term durability of concrete structures. However, a fundamental understanding of its properties and effects on corrosion initiation of embedded reinforcing steel remains elusive. This is attributed to its complicated heterogeneity and time-dependent nature, exacerbated by the lack of suitable techniques ...Review Article -
G Protein-coupled Receptor (GPCR) Reconstitution and Labeling for Solution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Studies of the Structural Basis of Transmembrane Signaling
(2022)MoleculesG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large membrane protein family found in higher organisms, including the human body. GPCRs mediate cellular responses to diverse extracellular stimuli and thus control key physiological functions, which makes them important targets for drug design. Signaling by GPCRs is related to the structure and dynamics of these proteins, which are modulated by extrinsic ligands as well as by intracellular binding ...Review Article -
Electrogenetics: Bridging synthetic biology and electronics to remotely control the behavior of mammalian designer cells
(2022)Current Opinion in Chemical BiologyElectrogenetics, the combination of electronics and genetics, is an emerging field of mammalian synthetic biology in which electrostimulation is used to remotely program user-designed genetic elements within designer cells to generate desired outputs. Here, we describe recent advances in electro-induced therapeutic gene expression and therapeutic protein secretion in engineered mammalian cells. We also review available tools and strategies ...Review Article -
Stable Isotope Fractionation of Metals and Metalloids in Plants: A Review
(2022)Frontiers in Plant ScienceThis work critically reviews stable isotope fractionation of essential (B, Mg, K, Ca, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo), beneficial (Si), and non-essential (Cd, Tl) metals and metalloids in plants. The review (i) provides basic principles and methodologies for non-traditional isotope analyses, (ii) compiles isotope fractionation for uptake and translocation for each element and connects them to physiological processes, and (iii) interlinks knowledge ...Review Article -
Three Millennia of Nanocrystals
(2022)ACS NanoThe broad deployment of nanotechnology and nanomaterials in modern society is increasing day by day to the point that some have seen in this process the transition from the Silicon Age to a new Nano Age. Nanocrystals?a distinct class of nanomaterials?are forecast to play a pivotal role in the next generation of devices such as liquid crystal displays, light-emitting diodes, lasers, and luminescent solar concentrators. However, it is not ...Review Article -
Strategies to access biosynthetic novelty in bacterial genomes for drug discovery
(2022)Nature Reviews Drug DiscoveryBacteria provide a rich source of natural products with potential therapeutic applications, such as novel antibiotic classes or anticancer drugs. Bioactivity-guided screening of bacterial extracts and characterization of biosynthetic pathways for drug discovery is now complemented by the availability of large (meta)genomic collections, placing researchers into the postgenomic, big-data era. The progress in next-generation sequencing and ...Review Article -
Particle-Laden Turbulence: Progress and Perspectives
(2022)Annual Review of Fluid MechanicsThis review is motivated by the fast progress in our understanding of the physics of particle-laden turbulence in the last decade, partly due to the tremendous advances of measurement and simulation capabilities. The focus is on spherical particles in homogeneous and canonical wall-bounded flows. The analysis of recent data indicates that conclusions drawn in zero gravity should not be extrapolated outside of this condition, and that the ...Review Article -
A Chirality-Based Quantum Leap
(2022)ACS NanoThere is increasing interest in the study of chiral degrees of freedom occurring in matter and in electromagnetic fields. Opportunities in quantum sciences will likely exploit two main areas that are the focus of this Review: (1) recent observations of the chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect in chiral molecules and engineered nanomaterials and (2) rapidly evolving nanophotonic strategies designed to amplify chiral light-matter ...Review Article -
Imaging the Chemistry of Materials Kinetics
(2022)ChimiaThe kinetics of most chemical energy storage and conversion processes is rate-limited by the mass transport through matter. There is an uncertainty on the corresponding kinetic models, especially if based solely on kinetic theory. Henceforth analytical strategies coupled to setups, in order to capture data for overcoming this limitation, are essential. Operando chemical imaging of the kinetics process supports the identification of ...Review Article -
Tracheal Ring Formation
(2022)Frontiers in Cell and Developmental BiologyThe trachea is a long tube that enables air passage between the larynx and the bronchi. C-shaped cartilage rings on the ventral side stabilise the structure. On its esophagus- facing dorsal side, deformable smooth muscle facilitates the passage of food in the esophagus. While the symmetry break along the dorsal-ventral axis is well understood, the molecular mechanism that results in the periodic Sox9 expression pattern that translates into ...Review Article -
Review of public-private partnerships across building sectors in nine European countries: Key adaptations for PPP in housing
(2022)Engineering, Construction and Architectural ManagementPurpose - This paper aims to review the existing practices of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in the building sectors in European countries, to be able to assess its suitability for housing provision while focussing on the social impact.Review Article -
Recent Progress in Materials Exploration for Thermocatalytic, Photocatalytic, and Integrated Photothermocatalytic CO2-to-Fuel Conversion
(2022)ADVANCED ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY RESEARCHThe excess depletion of carbon-rich fossil fuels and agroforest biomass resources has aggravated the energy crisis and environmental pollution, causing increased CO2 emissions. Accordingly, the goal of "peak CO2 emissions and carbon neutrality" is proposed to alleviate global warming. CO2-to-fuel conversion is considered as a preferable move for reducing the atmospheric CO2 concentration and further upgrading to chemical feedstocks. ...Review Article -
The Nuclear Pore Complex: Birth, Life, and Death of a Cellular Behemoth
(2022)CellsNuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are the only transport channels that cross the nuclear envelope. Constructed from ~500–1000 nucleoporin proteins each, they are among the largest macromolecular assemblies in eukaryotic cells. Thanks to advances in structural analysis approaches, the construction principles and architecture of the NPC have recently been revealed at submolecular resolution. Although the overall structure and inventory of ...Review Article -
Which patients with aortic stenosis should be referred to surgery rather than transcatheter aortic valve implantation?
(2022)European Heart JournalTranscatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has matured into a standard treatment option for patients with severe symptomatic aortic valve stenosis (AS) across the whole spectrum of risk. The advances in the interventional treatment of AS raise the question of which patients with severe AS should be referred to surgery. The myriad of clinical permutations does not allow providing a single, uniform treatment strategy. Rather, the advent ...Review Article -
Environmental, Microbiological, and Immunological Features of Bacterial Biofilms Associated with Implanted Medical Devices
(2022)Clinical Microbiology ReviewsThe spread of biofilms on medical implants represents one of the principal triggers of persistent and chronic infections in clinical settings, and it has been the subject of many studies in the past few years, with most of them focused on prosthetic joint infections. We review here recent works on biofilm formation and microbial colonization on a large variety of indwelling devices, ranging from heart valves and pacemakers to urological ...Review Article -
Digital Solutions to Diagnose and Manage Postbariatric Hypoglycemia
(2022)Frontiers in NutritionPostbariatric hypoglycemia (PBH) is an increasingly recognized late metabolic complication of bariatric surgery, characterized by low blood glucose levels 1–3 h after a meal, particularly if the meal contains rapid-acting carbohydrates. PBH can often be effectively managed through appropriate nutritional measures, which remain the cornerstone treatment today. However, their implementation in daily life continues to challenge both patients ...Review Article