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Laboratory Experiments of Model-based Reinforcement Learning for Adaptive Optics Control
(2024)arXivDirect imaging of Earth-like exoplanets is one of the most prominent scientific drivers of the next generation of ground-based telescopes. Typically, Earth-like exoplanets are located at small angular separations from their host stars, making their detection difficult. Consequently, the adaptive optics (AO) system's control algorithm must be carefully designed to distinguish the exoplanet from the residual light produced by the host ...Working Paper -
Dynamic electric breakdown modeling of quasi-uniform, dielectric-bounded gas gaps
(2024)The motivating problem for this paper is the determination of the probability of breakdown of small (< mm) quasi-uniform, dielectric-bounded air gaps under short transient voltages (some ns to us). Guidelines for answering this question are of importance in many areas of applied plasma physics, ranging from new spark ignition concepts with ultrashort high-voltage pulses (consistent high breakdown voltage desired) to the avoidance of the ...Working Paper -
MoMuCAMS: A new modular platform for boundary layer aerosol and trace gas vertical measurements in extreme environments
(2024)EGUsphereThe Modular Multiplatform Compatible Air Measurement System (MoMuCAMS) is a newly developed in situ aerosol and trace gas measurement payload for lower atmospheric vertical profiling in extreme environments. MoMuCAMS is a multiplatform compatible system, primarily designed to be attached to a helikite, a rugged tethered balloon type that is suitable for operations in cold and windy conditions. The system addresses the need for detailed ...Working Paper -
Collaboration and Innovation Patterns in Diabetes Ecosystems
(2024)medRxivBackground: The global prevalence of diabetes is increasing and has stimulated new technological advancements in disease management. Although there are many digital health companies with a focus on diabetes, building them up at scale is difficult due to a heterogeneous, inefficient, and fragmented healthcare system. While ecosystems, or collaborative value creation, could help address system fragmentation; the current diabetes ecosystem ...Working Paper -
Wearables and smartphones for modifiable risk factors in metabolic health: a scoping review protocol
(2024)medRxivBackground: Metabolic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, contribute significantly to global mortality and disability. Wearable devices and smartphones increasingly track physiological and lifestyle risk factors and can improve the management of metabolic diseases. However, the absence of clear guidelines for deriving meaningful signals from these devices often hampers cross-study comparisons. Objective: Thus, this ...Working Paper -
The impact of decreasing horizontal grid spacing on the simulation of the mountain boundary layer in the hectometric range
(2024)arXivThe horizontal grid spacing of numerical weather prediction models keeps decreasing towards the hectometric range. We perform limited-area simulations with the ICON model across horizontal grid spacings (1 km, 500 m, 250 m, 125 m) in the Inn Valley, Austria, and evaluate the model with observations from the CROSSINN measurement campaign. This allows us to investigate whether increasing the horizontal resolution automatically improves the ...Working Paper -
The Unintended Consequences of Pandemic Lockdowns: Evidence on Domestic Violence in Italy
(2024)Center for Law & Economics Working Paper SeriesThis study examines the effects of Italy’s COVID-19 tiered lockdown system on domestic violence. The policy implemented categorizes regions into different weekly risk levels, imposing corresponding mobility restrictions—the higher the risk, the greater the constraints on mobility outside the home. Leveraging this setting, we employ a difference-in-differences approach with staggered treatment adoption and heterogeneous treatment effects ...Working Paper -
The importance of tipping points for sustainable development
(2024)Economics Working Paper SeriesSolving major sustainability problems such as climate change and the loss of biodiversity requires overcoming a fundamental dilemma: on the one hand, central decisions on the realignment of the economy and society should be quick and far-reaching, on the other hand, actual decision-makers are strongly oriented towards established structures, which entail great inertia and path dependencies. As a result, expectations and reality are often ...Working Paper -
How much should public transport services be expanded, and who should pay?
(2024)Arbeitsberichte Verkehrs- und RaumplanungThe twin challenge of increasing capacity to accommodate growing travel demand while simultaneously decarbonizing the transport sector places enormous pressure on public transport (PT) systems globally. Arguably the most fundamental policy choice and trade-off in designing and operating PT systems in the coming years will be service levels versus cost implications. On the presumption that public (citizen and consumer) opinion is crucial ...Working Paper -
PipeRAG: Fast Retrieval-Augmented Generation via Algorithm-System Co-design
(2024)Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) can enhance the generation quality of large language models (LLMs) by incorporating external token databases. However, retrievals from large databases can constitute a substantial portion of the overall generation time, particularly when retrievals are periodically performed to align the retrieved content with the latest states of generation. In this paper, we introduce PipeRAG, a novel algorithm-system ...Working Paper