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Machine Learning Improves Debris Flow Warning
(2021)Geophysical Research LettersAutomatic identification of debris flow signals in continuous seismic records remains a challenge. To tackle this problem, we use machine learning, which can be applied to continuous real-time data. We show that a machine learning model based on the random forest algorithm recognizes different stages of debris flow formation and propagation at the Illgraben torrent, Switzerland, with an accuracy exceeding 90 %. In contrast to typical ...Journal Article -
Technology overview of fast pyrolysis of lignin: current state and potential for scale‐up
(2022)ChemSusChemLignin is an abundant natural polymer obtained from lignocellulosic biomass and rich in aromatic substructures. When efficiently depolymerized, it has great potential in the production of value-added chemicals. Fast pyrolysis is a promising depolymerization method, but current studies focus mainly on small quantities of lignin. To determine the potential for upscaling, we evaluated the systems used in the most relevant unit operations of ...Journal Article -
Assessment of Quartz Grain Growth and the Application of the Wattmeter to Predict Quartz Recrystallized Grain Sizes
(2021)Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid EarthRelationships between the recrystallized grain size and stress are investigated for experimentally deformed water-added quartz aggregates. For stresses ≥100 MPa there is a variation in the measured recrystallized grain size for a given stress. This variation correlates with a change in the c-axis fabric in general shear experiments, where samples with larger recrystallized grain sizes for a given stress have dominantly prism <a> c-axis ...Journal Article -
Disentangling the components of coastal fish biodiversity in southern Brittany by applying an environmental DNA approach
(2022)Environmental DNAThe global biodiversity crisis from anthropogenic activities significantly weakens the functioning of marine ecosystems and jeopardizes their ecosystem services. Increasing monitoring of marine ecosystems is crucial to understand the breadth of the changes in biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and propose more effective conservation strategies. Such strategies should not only focus on maximizing the number of species (i.e., taxonomic ...Journal Article -
Fitness benefits to bacteria of carrying prophages and prophage‐encoded antibiotic‐resistance genes peak in different environments
(2021)EvolutionUnderstanding the role of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in adaptation is a key challenge in evolutionary biology. In microbes, an important mechanism of HGT is prophage acquisition (phage genomes integrated into bacterial chromosomes). Prophages can influence bacterial fitness via the transfer of beneficial genes (including antibiotic‐resistance genes, ARGs), protection from superinfecting phages, or switching to a lytic lifecycle that ...Journal Article -
A validation scale to determine the readiness of environmental DNA assays for routine species monitoring
(2021)Environmental DNAThe use of environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis for species monitoring requires rigorous validation—from field sampling to the analysis of PCR-based results—for meaningful application and interpretation. Assays targeting eDNA released by individual species are typically validated with no predefined criteria to answer specific research questions in one ecosystem. Hence, the general applicability of assays, as well as associated uncertainties ...Journal Article -
The TMPRSS6 variant (SNP rs855791) affects iron metabolism and oral iron absorption – a stable iron isotope study in Taiwanese women
(2021)HaematologicaGenome wide studies have associated TMPRSS6 rs855791 (2321 C>T) with iron status and hepcidin. It is unclear whether this polymorphism affects iron absorption. In nonanemic Taiwanese women (n=79, 44 TT variant, 35 CC variant), we administered standardized rice-based test meals containing 4 mg of labeled 57Fe or 58Fe as FeSO4 on alternate days. Fractional iron absorption was measured by erythrocyte incorporation of the tracers 14 days after ...Journal Article -
Analysis of structural brain asymmetries in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in 39 datasets
(2021)Journal of Child Psychology and PsychiatryObjective Some studies have suggested alterations of structural brain asymmetry in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but findings have been contradictory and based on small samples. Here, we performed the largest ever analysis of brain left-right asymmetry in ADHD, using 39 datasets of the ENIGMA consortium. Methods We analyzed asymmetry of subcortical and cerebral cortical structures in up to 1,933 people with ADHD ...Journal Article -
Land-use intensity and biodiversity effects on infiltration capacity and hydraulic conductivity of grassland soils in southern Germany
(2021)EcohydrologyEvidence from experimental and established grasslands indicates that plant biodiversity can modify the water cycle. One suspected mechanism behind this is a higher infiltration capacity (νB) and hydraulic conductivity (K) of the soil on species-rich grasslands. However, in established and agriculturally managed grasslands, biodiversity effects cannot be studied independent of land-use effects. Therefore, we investigated in established ...Journal Article -
Optimized Photoclick (Bio)Resins for Fast Volumetric Bioprinting
(2021)Advanced MaterialsVolumetric printing (VP) is a light-mediated technique enabling printing of complex, low-defect 3D objects within seconds, overcoming major drawbacks of layer-by-layer additive manufacturing. An optimized photoresin is presented for VP in the presence of cells (volumetric bioprinting) based on fast thiol-ene step-growth photoclick crosslinking. Gelatin-norbornene (Gel-NB) photoresin shows superior performance, both in physicochemical and ...Journal Article