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Environmental variations in a semi-enclosed embayment (Amvrakikos Gulf, Greece)
(2012)BiogeosciencesThe evolution of environmental changes during the last decades and the impact on the living biomass in the western part of Amvrakikos Gulf was investigated using abundances and species distributions of benthic foraminifera and lipid biomarker concentrations. These proxies indicated that the gulf has markedly changed due to eutrophication. Eutrophication has led to a higher productivity, a higher bacterial biomass, shifts towards opportunistic ...Journal Article -
Numerical schemes for G-Expectations
(2012)Electronic Journal of ProbabilityWe consider a discrete time analog of G-expectations and we prove that in the case where the time step goes to zero the corresponding values converge to the original G-expectation. Furthermore we provide error estimates for the convergence rate. This paper is continuation of Dolinsky, Nutz, and Soner (2012). Our main tool is a strong approximation theorem which we derive for general discrete time martingales.Journal Article -
Principal Possibility of the Successful Nowcast and Short-Term Forecast in the Middle Atmosphere Based on the Observed UV Irradiance
(2012)International Journal of GeophysicsWe have applied chemistry-climate model (CCM) SOCOL to simulate the distribution of the temperature and gas species in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere. As an input for the simulation, we employ daily spectral solar UV irradiance measured by SUSIM instrument onboard UARS satellite in January 1992. We have carried out an ensemble of nine 1-month long simulations using slightly different initial states of the atmosphere. We have compared ...Journal Article -
Divergent Selection and Then What Not: The Conundrum of Missing Reproductive Isolation in Misty Lake and Stream Stickleback
(2012)International Journal of EcologyJournal Article -
Complete Insecurity of Quantum Protocols for Classical Two-Party Computation
(2012)Physical Review LettersA fundamental task in modern cryptography is the joint computation of a function which has two inputs, one from Alice and one from Bob, such that neither of the two can learn more about the other’s input than what is implied by the value of the function. In this Letter, we show that any quantum protocol for the computation of a classical deterministic function that outputs the result to both parties (two-sided computation) and that is ...Journal Article -
Uncertainty associated with convective wet removal of entrained aerosols in a global climate model
(2012)Atmospheric Chemistry and PhysicsThe uncertainties associated with the wet removal of aerosols entrained above convective cloud bases are investigated in a global aerosol-climate model (ECHAM5-HAM) under a set of limiting assumptions for the wet removal of the entrained aerosols. The limiting assumptions for the wet removal of entrained aerosols are negligible scavenging and vigorous scavenging (either through activation, with size-dependent impaction scavenging, or with ...Journal Article -
Atmospheric impacts on climatic variability of surface incident solar radiation
(2012)Atmospheric Chemistry and PhysicsThe Earth's climate is driven by surface incident solar radiation (Rs). Direct measurements have shown that Rs has undergone significant decadal variations. However, a large fraction of the global land surface is not covered by these observations. Satellite-derived Rs has a good global coverage but is of low accuracy in its depiction of decadal variability. This paper shows that daily to decadal variations of Rs, from both aerosols and ...Journal Article -
Silicon stable isotope distribution traces Southern Ocean export of Si to the eastern South Pacific thermocline
(2012)BiogeosciencesThe cycling and transport of dissolved silicon (Si) in the ocean may be traced by its stable isotope composition, δ30Si. We present a dataset of δ30Si values along 103° W in the eastern South Pacific Ocean, ranging from the Antarctic Zone of the Southern Ocean (62° S) to the equatorial Pacific (12° S). At high southern latitudes, the uptake and associated isotope fractionation of Si by diatoms results in highly elevated δ30Si values (up ...Journal Article -
Predictable projections of conformal stochastic integrals
(2012)Electronic Journal of ProbabilityIn this article, we study predictable projections of stochastic integrals with respect to the conformal Brownian motion, extending the connection between powers of the conformal Brownian motion and the corresponding Hermite polynomials. As a consequence of this result, we then investigate the relation between analytic functions and Lp-convergent series of Hermite polynomials. Finally, our results are applied to Widder's representation for ...Journal Article -
A new perspective on the spatio-temporal variability of soil moisture
(2012)Hydrology and Earth System SciencesKnowledge about the spatio-temporal variability of soil moisture is essential to understand and predict processes in climate science and hydrology. A significant body of literature exists on the characterization of the spatial variability and the rank stability (also called temporal stability) of absolute soil moisture. Yet previous studies were generally based on short-term measurement campaigns and did not distinguish the respective ...Journal Article