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Redox state of Earth's magma ocean and its Venus-like early atmosphere
(2020)Science AdvancesExchange between a magma ocean and vapor produced Earth’s earliest atmosphere. Its speciation depends on the oxygen fugacity (fO2) set by the Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio of the magma ocean at its surface. Here, we establish the relationship between fO2 and Fe3+/Fe2+ in quenched liquids of silicate Earth-like composition at 2173 K and 1 bar. Mantle-derived rocks have Fe3+/(Fe3++Fe2+) = 0.037 ± 0.005, at which the magma ocean defines an fO2 0.5 log ...Journal Article -
Mapping bilayer thickness in the ER membrane
(2020)Science AdvancesIn the plasma membrane and in synthetic membranes, resident lipids may laterally unmix to form domains of distinct biophysical properties. Whether lipids also drive the lateral organization of intracellular membranes is largely unknown. Here, we describe genetically encoded fluorescent reporters visualizing local variations in bilayer thickness. Using them, we demonstrate that long-chained ceramides promote the formation of discrete domains ...Journal Article -
3D tracking of extracellular vesicles by holographic fluorescence imaging
(2020)Science AdvancesFluorescence microscopy is the method of choice in biology for its molecular specificity and super-resolution capabilities. However, it is limited to a narrow z range around one observation plane. Here, we report an imaging approach that recovers the full electric field of fluorescent light with single-molecule sensitivity. We expand the principle of digital holography to fast fluorescent detection by eliminating the need for phase cycling ...Journal Article -
The 3.2-Å resolution structure of human mTORC2
(2020)Science AdvancesThe protein kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is the central regulator of cell growth. Aberrant mTOR signaling is linked to cancer, diabetes, and neurological disorders. mTOR exerts its functions in two distinct multiprotein complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2. Here, we report a 3.2-Å resolution cryo-EM reconstruction of mTORC2. It reveals entangled folds of the defining Rictor and the substrate-binding SIN1 subunits, identifies the ...Journal Article -
Bioinspired cilia arrays with programmable nonreciprocal motion and metachronal coordination
(2020)Science AdvancesCoordinated nonreciprocal dynamics in biological cilia is essential to many living systems, where the emergentmetachronal waves of cilia have been hypothesized to enhance net fluid flows at low Reynolds numbers (Re). Experimental investigation of this hypothesis is critical but remains challenging. Here, we report soft miniature devices with both ciliary nonreciprocal motion and metachronal coordination and use them to investigate the ...Journal Article -
Impact of Transposable Elements on Methylation and Gene Expression across Natural Accessions of Brachypodium distachyon
(2020)Genome Biology and EvolutionTransposable elements (TEs) constitute a large fraction of plant genomes and are mostly present in a transcriptionally silent state through repressive epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation. TE silencing is believed to influence the regulation of adjacent genes, possibly as DNA methylation spreads away from the TE. Whether this is a general principle or a context-dependent phenomenon is still under debate, pressing for studying ...Journal Article -
Cell-Derived Vesicles as TRPC1 Channel Delivery Systems for the Recovery of Cellular Respiratory and Proliferative Capacities
(2020)Advanced BiosystemsPulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) are capable of specifically activating a TRPC1‐mitochondrial axis underlying cell expansion and mitohormetic survival adaptations. This study characterizes cell‐derived vesicles (CDVs) generated from C2C12 murine myoblasts and shows that they are equipped with the sufficient molecular machinery to confer mitochondrial respiratory capacity and associated proliferative responses upon their fusion with ...Journal Article -
Conditioned Pain Modulation Decreases Over Time in Patients With Neuropathic Pain Following a Spinal Cord Injury
(2020)Neurorehabilitation and Neural RepairBackground Neuropathic pain is a major problem following spinal cord injury (SCI). Central mechanisms involved in the modulation of nociceptive signals have been shown to be altered at the chronic stage, and it has been hypothesized that they might play a role in the development of chronic pain. Objective This prospective longitudinal study aimed to describe the evolution of pain modulation mechanisms over time after SCI, and to ...Journal Article -
Shape approximation by developable wrapping
(2020)ACM Transactions on GraphicsWe present an automatic tool to approximate curved geometries with piece-wise developable surfaces. At the center of our work is an algorithm that wraps a given 3D input surface with multiple developable patches, each modeled as a discrete orthogonal geodesic net. Our algorithm features a global optimization routine for effectively finding the placement of the developable patches. After wrapping the mesh, we use these patches and a ...Journal Article -
Transformational Leadership, High-Performance Work System Consensus, and Customer Satisfaction
(2020)Journal of ManagementWe use human resources (HR) system strength theory to argue that transformational leadership leads to employee consensus on a unit’s high-performance work system (HPWS), that consensus helps align employee attitudes, and that a compression in attitudes facilitates strategy execution and unit-level outcomes. Empirical tests based on a 4-year linked employee–customer panel data set, involving 255 do-it-yourself stores, support our predictions. ...Journal Article