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Global outsourcing of carbon emissions 1995–2009: A reassessment
(2019)Environmental Science & PolicyIncreasing global production fragmentation allows for outsourcing of emissions, which may undermine national climate policies. Researchers focusing on the gap between consumption-based and production-based emissions have concluded that developed countries are systematically outsourcing emissions to developing countries. However, asymmetries in emissions embodied in trade may emerge due to differences in carbon intensity of energy and ...Journal Article -
Decoupling or delusion? Measuring emissions displacement in foreign trade
(2018)Global Environmental ChangeIn a world where climate goals are global but action remains firmly in the hands of states, reliable methods are needed to ensure that emissions reductions on a national level are not offset by carbon leakage. Appropriate indicators are needed to help policy makers set accurate targets for the carbon balance of their foreign trade and monitor the development of trade in a meaningful way. This paper proposes a new displacement indicator – ...Journal Article