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dc.contributor.author
Auchmann, Renate
dc.contributor.author
Brönnimann, Stefan
dc.contributor.author
Breda, L.
dc.contributor.author
Bühler, Marcel
dc.contributor.author
Spadin, Reto
dc.contributor.author
Stickler, Alexander
dc.date.accessioned
2019-06-26T14:19:17Z
dc.date.available
2017-06-09T20:08:21Z
dc.date.available
2019-06-26T14:19:17Z
dc.date.issued
2012
dc.identifier.issn
1814-9324
dc.identifier.issn
1814-9332
dc.identifier.other
10.5194/cp-8-325-2012
en_US
dc.identifier.uri
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/47338
dc.identifier.doi
10.3929/ethz-b-000047338
dc.description.abstract
We analyze weather and climate during the "Year without Summer" 1816 using sub-daily data from Geneva, Switzerland, representing one of the climatically most severely affected regions. The record includes twice daily measurements and observations of air temperature, pressure, cloud cover, wind speed, and wind direction as well as daily measurements of precipitation. Comparing 1816 to a contemporary reference period (1799–1821) reveals that the coldness of the summer of 1816 was most prominent in the afternoon, with a shift of the entire distribution function of temperature anomalies by 3–4 °C. Early morning temperature anomalies show a smaller change for the mean, a significant decrease in the variability, and no changes in negative extremes. Analyzing cloudy and cloud-free conditions separately suggests that an increase in the number of cloudy days was to a significant extent responsible for these features. A daily weather type classification based on pressure, pressure tendency, and wind direction shows extremely anomalous frequencies in summer 1816, with only one day (compared to 20 in an average summer) classified as high-pressure situation but a tripling of low-pressure situations. The afternoon temperature anomalies expected from only a change in weather types was much stronger negative in summer 1816 than in any other year. For precipitation, our analysis shows that the 80% increase in summer precipitation compared to the reference period can be explained by 80% increase in the frequency of precipitation, while no change could be found neither in the average intensity of precipitation nor in the frequency distribution of extreme precipitation. In all, the analysis shows that the regional circulation and local cloud cover played a dominant role. It also shows that the summer of 1816 was an example of extreme climate, not extreme weather.
en_US
dc.format
application/pdf
en_US
dc.language.iso
en
en_US
dc.publisher
Copernicus
en_US
dc.rights.uri
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
dc.title
Extreme climate, not extreme weather: the summer of 1816 in Geneva, Switzerland
en_US
dc.type
Journal Article
dc.rights.license
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported
ethz.journal.title
Climate of the Past
ethz.journal.volume
8
en_US
ethz.journal.issue
1
en_US
ethz.journal.abbreviated
Clim. past
ethz.pages.start
325
en_US
ethz.pages.end
335
en_US
ethz.version.deposit
publishedVersion
en_US
ethz.identifier.wos
ethz.identifier.nebis
005583758
ethz.publication.place
Göttingen
en_US
ethz.publication.status
published
en_US
ethz.leitzahl
ETH Zürich::00002 - ETH Zürich::00012 - Lehre und Forschung::00007 - Departemente::02350 - Dep. Umweltsystemwissenschaften / Dep. of Environmental Systems Science::02723 - Institut für Umweltentscheidungen / Institute for Environmental Decisions::08804 - Environmental Philosophy
en_US
ethz.leitzahl.certified
ETH Zürich::00002 - ETH Zürich::00012 - Lehre und Forschung::00007 - Departemente::02350 - Dep. Umweltsystemwissenschaften / Dep. of Environmental Systems Science::02723 - Institut für Umweltentscheidungen / Institute for Environmental Decisions::08804 - Environmental Philosophy
ethz.date.deposited
2017-06-09T20:08:39Z
ethz.source
ECIT
ethz.identifier.importid
imp59364f11bf5bb71299
ethz.ecitpid
pub:77890
ethz.eth
yes
en_US
ethz.availability
Open access
en_US
ethz.rosetta.installDate
2017-07-26T05:02:14Z
ethz.rosetta.lastUpdated
2019-06-26T14:19:25Z
ethz.rosetta.versionExported
true
ethz.COinS
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