Sensitivity of electromagnetically induced transparency to light-mediated interactions

Abstract

Here we present a microscopic model that describes the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) phenomenon in the multiple-scattering regime. We consider an ensemble of cold three-level atoms, in a Λ configuration, scattering a probe and a control field to the vacuum modes of the electromagnetic field. By first considering a scalar description of the scattering, we show that the light-mediated long-range interactions that emerge between the dipoles narrow the EIT transparency window for increasing densities and sample sizes. For a vectorial description, we demonstrate that near-field interacting terms can critically affect the atomic population transfer in the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP). This result points out that standard STIRAP-based quantum memories in cold-atomic ensembles would not reach high enough efficiencies for quantum information processing applications even in dilute regimes.