Electrolyte Optimization to Improve the High-Voltage Operation of Single-Crystal LiNi<inf>0.83</inf>Co<inf>0.11</inf>Mn<inf>0.06</inf>O<inf>2</inf> in Lithium-Ion Batteries
Abstract
Single-crystal Ni-rich layered oxide materials LiNi₁₋ₓ₋ᵧCoₓMnᵧO₂ (NCM, 1 – x − y ≥ 0.6) are emerging as promising cathode materials that do not show intergranular cracks as a result of the lack of grain boundaries and anisotropy of the bulk structure, enabling extended cyclability in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) operating at high voltage. However, SC-NCM materials still suffer from capacity fading upon extended cycling. This degradation of capacity can be attributed to a reconstruction of the surface. A phase transformation from layered structures to disordered spinel/rock-salt structures was found to be responsible for impedance growth and capacity loss. Film-forming additives are a straightforward approach for the mitigation of surface reconstruction via the formation of a robust protection layer at the cathode’s surface. In this work, we investigate various additives on the electrochemical performance of single-crystal LiNi₀.₈₃Co₀.₁₁Mn₀.₀₆O₂ (SC-NCM83). The results demonstrate that the use of 1% lithium difluoroxalate borate (LiDFOB) and 1% lithium difluorophosphate (LiPO₂F₂) additives substantially enhanced the cycling performance (with a capacity retention of 93.6% after 150 cycles) and rate capability in comparison to the baseline electrolyte (72.7%) as well as electrolytes using 1% LiDFOB (90.5%) or 1% LiPO₂F₂ (88.3%) individually. The superior cycling stability of the cell using the combination of both additives was attributed to the formation of a conformal cathode/electrolyte interface (CEI) layer, resulting in a stabilized bulk structure and decreased impedance upon long-term cycling, as evidenced via a combination of state-of-the-art analytical techniques. Show more
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https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000646535Publication status
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BatteriesVolume
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MDPISubject
high-voltage operation; enhanced cycling performance; decreased impedance; conformal cathode/electrolyte interface layerMore
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