Abstract
Surprise drives learning. Various neural “prediction error” signals are believed to underpin surprise-based reinforcement learning. Here, we report a surprise signal that reflects reinforcement learning but is neither un/signed reward prediction error (RPE) nor un/signed state prediction error (SPE). To exclude these alternatives, we measured surprise responses in the absence of RPE and accounted for a host of potential SPE confounds. This new surprise signal was evident in ventral striatum, primary sensory cortex, frontal poles, and amygdala. We interpret these findings via a normative model of surprise. Show more
Permanent link
https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000081884Publication status
publishedExternal links
Journal / series
Human Brain MappingVolume
Pages / Article No.
Publisher
Wiley-BlackwellSubject
Learning; Prediction error; RewardOrganisational unit
03955 - Stephan, Klaas E. / Stephan, Klaas E.
Notes
published online 3. April 2014.More
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